![]() ![]() Katabatic winds form over a high land area, like a high plateau. Katabatic winds move up and down slopes, but they are stronger mountain and valley breezes. At night the mountain slopes cool more quickly than the nearby valley, which causes a mountain breeze to flow downhill. As the day progresses, warm air rises and draws the cool air up from the valley, creating a valley breeze. ![]() During the day, air on mountain slopes is heated more than air at the same elevation over an adjacent valley. Temperature differences between mountains and valleys create mountain and valley breezes. ![]() Back in the days of sailing ships, seasonal shifts in the monsoon winds carried goods back and forth between India and Africa. More than two billion residents of India and southeastern Asia depend on monsoon rains for their drinking and irrigation water. The most important monsoon in the world occurs each year over the Indian subcontinent. In the southwestern United States relatively cool moist air sucked in from the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of California meets air that has been heated by scorching desert temperatures. Where is the high pressure zone and where is the low pressure zone? Some warmer air from the ocean rises and then sinks on land, causing the temperature over the land to become warmer. Land breezes blow from the land to the sea in winter.Where is the high pressure zone and where is the low pressure zone? Sea breezes blow at about 10 to 20 km (6 to 12 miles) per hour and lower air temperature much as 5 to 10☌ (9 to 18☏). Sea breezes blow from the cooler ocean over the warmer land in summer ( Figure below).If there is a large temperature difference between the surface of the sea (or a large lake) and the land next to it, high and low pressure regions form. So water heats and cools more slowly than land. ![]() Since water has a very high specific heat, it maintains its temperature well. Some local winds have very important effects on the weather and climate of some regions. High and low pressure cells are created by a variety of conditions. Local winds result from air moving between small low and high pressure systems. Smaller pressure systems create localized winds that affect the weather and climate of a local area.Īn online guide to air pressure and winds from the University of Illinois is found here. Since it can then hold more moisture, the descending air will evaporate water on the ground.Īir moving between large high and low pressure systems creates the global wind belts that profoundly affect regional climate. Some water vapor may condense to form clouds or precipitation. When warm air rises and cools in a low pressure zone, it may not be able to hold all the water it contains as vapor. The greater the pressure difference between the pressure zones the faster the wind moves.Ĭonvection in the atmosphere creates the planet’s weather. Warm air rises, creating a low pressure zone cool air sinks, creating a high pressure zone.Īir that moves horizontally between high and low pressure zones makes wind. Within the troposphere are convection cells ( Figure below). Air moving at the bases of the three major convection cells in each hemisphere north and south of the equator creates the global wind belts. Warm air can hold more moisture than cold air. Air flowing from areas of high pressure to low pressure creates winds. Where it reaches the ground, it creates a high pressure zone. Air flows horizontally at top of the troposphere horizontal flow is called advection. Air from the surrounding area is sucked into the space left by the rising air.
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